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Compulsory online activities on Madoc are PASS/FAIL and must be completed by the end of the semester.
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Percy Lavon Julian (April 11, 1899 – April 19, 1975) was an American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. He was the first to synthesize the natural product physostigmine, plus a pioneer in the industrial large-scale chemical synthesis of the human hormones progesterone and testosterone from plant sterols such as stigmasterol and sitosterol. His work laid the foundation for the steroid drug industry's production of cortisone, other corticosteroids, and birth control pills. (Wikipedia.org).
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Before you watch: words and expressions in the video that you need to know.
Word | Meaning | Word | Meaning |
Calabar bean | seed of a leguminous plant, a native of tropical Africa, poisonous to humans | Glaucoma | a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve |
Scarce | insufficient for the demand | Made from scratch | to create something from scratch is to make it without any ingredients or materials prepared ahead of time |
Set out | begin a journey (or project) | Clumsy | done without skill |
Back on track | to return to the right path, or the right direction | To bristle | to be covered with or abundant in |
To tackle | to make determined efforts to deal with a problem or difficult task | To cajole | to persuade |
To outline | to design | Upstart | a person who has risen suddenly in rank or importance, especially one who behaves arrogantly |
Low yield | producing little | Around the clock | 24 hours a day |
To snatch | to steal | Blunder | careless error |
Armpit | a hollow under the arm at the shoulder | Irretrievably | in a way that cannot be put right |
Bombshell | something or someone having a sudden and sensational effect | Go-for-broke plan | risk everything in an all-out effort |
Milestone | a significant stage or event in the development of something | Accolade | a mark of acknowledgment |
NOTE: If you don't know the answers, you may wish to watch the video first.
1. A methyl group
2. Melting point
3. Total synthesis
4. An elegant synthesis
NOTE: The video will show when answers to questions 1-10 are coming up.
1a. When and by whom was the Calabar bean brought back from Africa? What interesting substance does it contain?
2. Why was the synthesis of this substance an important challenge for Percy Julian?
3. Who was Robert Robinson? What was Percy Julian’s attitude towards him?
4. How does molecular synthesis work?
5. What techniques can be used to build a molecule?
6. What is a combustion train? Why did Julian use it?
7. Why did their 1934 paper increase the pressure on Julian and his colleague Pikl?
8. How did Julian determine that Robinson had the wrong molecule?
9. How does a chemist determine a melting point?
10. How was Percy Julian’s work received?
Source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/forgotten-genius.html
DePauw University
Indiana (US)
Percy Julian
Source: Wikipedia.org
Sir Robert Robinson
Source: Wikipedia.org
Calabar bean plant
Source: Wikipedia.org
Calabar bean
Source: Invasive.org
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